Frameworks
The federal civil rights frameworks we work in, the rules that govern how institutions must respond, and where we help.
Title IX
Education Amendments of 1972 · 20 U.S.C. § 1681
Prohibits sex discrimination in federally funded education, and carries the most procedurally demanding regulations in civil rights compliance: designated coordinators, defined grievance procedures, and live hearings with cross-examination at the postsecondary level. We support the full lifecycle, from intake and supportive measures through investigation, hearing, and appeal.
Title VI
Civil Rights Act of 1964 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000d
Prohibits discrimination based on race, color, and national origin in federally funded programs, including harassment based on shared ancestry. Enforcement attention has intensified sharply since late 2023, and campuses are being asked to show both responsiveness and evenhandedness. We investigate complaints, review climates, and build response frameworks that respect speech while addressing hostility.
Title VII
Civil Rights Act of 1964 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000e
Governs discrimination, harassment, and retaliation in employment. For institutions, the hardest matters sit where education and employment overlap: faculty respondents, staff complainants, and dual-role parties. We run workplace investigations with the independence in-house teams sometimes cannot offer, and the litigation awareness these matters demand.
ADA & Section 504
ADA of 1990 · 42 U.S.C. § 12101 · Rehabilitation Act of 1973 · 29 U.S.C. § 794
Together these statutes require accessible programs, reasonable accommodations, and an interactive process that actually engages. The Title II digital accessibility rule now sets concrete technical deadlines for public institutions. We handle accommodation disputes, systemic access reviews, digital accessibility audits, and 504 coordination for districts and campuses.
Clery Act
Jeanne Clery Act of 1990 · 20 U.S.C. § 1092(f)
Requires campuses to count, classify, and publish crime statistics, issue timely warnings, and produce an Annual Security Report that survives audit. The details are unforgiving: geography definitions, CSA identification, and classification calls made months before anyone checks them. We run Clery programs, prepare ASRs, and train the people your compliance depends on.
